Social Media Network Analysis on Twitter Users Network to the Pension Plan Policy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37535/101009120225Keywords:
hashtag, twitter, Old-Age Guarantee, indonesia, Network UserAbstract
This article scrutinizes the network of Twitter users on the dissemination of tweets on the Old-Age Guarantee policy in Indonesia. A qualitative method with social media network analysis approach was used. Then, data sources were obtained from Twitter social media through #JHT_JokowiHarusTurun, #jaminanharitua, and #JHT. Furthermore, to manage data source, NVivo 12 plus software was used to analyze qualitative data from Twitter social media – including dissemination rate of tweets, followed by geographical map tweet stream, Twitter user’ network pattern, sentiment proportion, as well as words frequencies. Our results indicate that there are networks found from Twitter users with some account backgrounds in politicians, political parties, governments, online news media, actors and also cultural practitioners who participate in disseminating tweets. Even this network generated the significant distribution patterns and sentiments to a moderately negative value, coupled with pleasantries that are echoed between protests and support by words cloud to this movement. Overall, our research contributes to better understanding of how social media-promoted collective protest movements have the power to impact public opinion and policy and that their evolution is unexpected.
References
Agara, A. P. D., Santoso, B., & Puspitawati, D. (2021). Perlindungan Hukum Peserta Program Jaminan Hari Tua Pada Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Ketenagakerjaan Atas Penunggakan Pembayaran Iuran Oleh Pemberi Kerja. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Pancasila Dan Kewarganegaraan, 6, 11–17. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um019v6i1p11-17
Aida, N. R. (2022). Ramai Tolak JHT Cair di Usia 56 Tahun, Petisi hingga Alasan Kemenaker. Retrieved from Kompas website: https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2022/02/12/183000165/ramai-tolak-jht-cair-di-usia-56-tahun-petisi-hingga-alasan-kemenaker-?page=all
Apriadi, A., & Nirmala, R. R. (2022). Warga Berbondong-Bondong Teken Petisi Tolak JHT Cair di Usia 56 Tahun. Retrieved from Suara website: https://www.suara.com/news/2022/02/12/074345/warga-berbondong-bondong-teken-petisi-tolak-jht-cair-di-usia-56-tahun
Ariningsih, N. D., Yulifa, W. R., & Santoso, A. P. A. (2021). Legal Protection For Workers Through Social Security Program. Journal Research of Social Science, Economic, and Management, 1(1), 18–28.
Aruguete, N., & Calvo, E. (2018). Time to #protest: Selective exposure, cascading activation, and framing in social media. Journal of Communication, 68(3), 480–502. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqy007
Ash-shidiqqi, A., Azhari, A. F., & Wardiono, K. (2021). The Opportunities and Challenges of Disaster Insurance in Indonesia After Covid 19. 8(May 2020), 10054–10066.
Ashfaq, M., Shahid, N.-A., & Zubair, J. (2021). New media and political protest: Framing analysis of news content on Twitter. Asian Journal of Comparative Politics. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/20578911211067317
Battaglini, M. (2017). Public protests and policy making. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 132(1), 485–549. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw039
Battaglini, M., & Patacchini, E. (2019). Social Networks in Policy Making. Annual Review of Economics, 11, 473–494. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-080218-030419
Bhatia, A., & Ross, A. S. (2021). “We shall not flag or fail, we shall go on to the end” Hashtag activism in Hong Kong protests. Journal of Language and Politics, 21(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.21020.bha
Bosch, T., & Mutsvairo, B. (2017). Pictures, Protests and Politics: Mapping Twitter Images during South Africa’s Fees Must Fall Campaign. African Journalism Studies, 38(2), 71–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/23743670.2017.1368869
Casas, A., & Williams, N. W. (2019). Images that Matter: Online Protests and the Mobilizing Role of Pictures. Political Research Quarterly, 72(2), 360–375. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912918786805
Chan, M. (2017). Media Use and the Social Identity Model of Collective Action: Examining the Roles of Online Alternative News and Social Media News. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 94(3), 663–681. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699016638837
Chen, K. (2018). Occupation pension for public employees in the People’s Republic of China: A new approach with defined benefit underpin pension plan. Review of Development Economics, 22(3), 990–1004. https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12404
Chon, M. G., & Park, H. (2020). Social Media Activism in the Digital Age: Testing an Integrative Model of Activism on Contentious Issues. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 97(1), 72–97. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699019835896
CNN Indonesia. (2022). Netizen Kompak Tolak Permenaker Soal JHT Boleh Cair Saat 56 Tahun. Retrieved from CNN Indonesia website: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20220212123245-192-758345/netizen-kompak-tolak-permenaker-soal-jht-boleh-cair-saat-56-tahun
Cortés-Ramos, A., Torrecilla García, J. A., Landa-Blanco, M., Poleo Gutiérrez, F. J., & Castilla Mesa, M. T. (2021). Activism and social media: Youth participation and communication. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810485
Cowart, H. S., Saunders, L. M., & Blackstone, G. E. (2016). Picture a Protest: Analyzing Media Images Tweeted From Ferguson. Social Media and Society, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305116674029
Freelon, D., McIlwain, C., & Clark, M. (2018). Quantifying the power and consequences of social media protest. New Media and Society, 20(3), 990–1011. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816676646
Gyamfi, A., & Williams, I. (Eds.). (2019). Big Data and Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Organizations. Inggris: IGI Global.
Hakim, M. L., & Rahmat, A. F. (2020). Strategi Penggulangan Kemiskinan Berbasis Pluralisme Kesejahteraan: Studi Kasus Program Bedah Rumah Kulon Progo. JCOMENT (Journal of Community Empowerment), 1(1), 1–11. Retrieved from http://thejournalish.com/ojs/index.php/jce/article/view/27
Han, J., & Meng, Y. (2021). Decreased Contribution Rates Increase Public Pension Fund Revenue: Evidence from China. Journal of Aging and Social Policy, 33(2), 120–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959420.2019.1707056
Harmatiy, O. V., Basarab, M. M., Serdali, B. K., Akynbekova, A. B., & Beldibekova, A. T. (2021). Potential of social networks’ use in the protest movements. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 17(3), 1341–1354. https://doi.org/10.52462/jlls.96
Hemphill, L., Culotta, A., & Heston, M. (2013). Framing in Social Media: How the US Congress Uses Twitter Hashtags to Frame Political Issues. SSRN Electronic Journal, 1–30. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2317335
Hennigusnia, & Kurniawati, A. (2021). Tinjauan Konstitusional Terhadap Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional Dan Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial. Jurnal Ketenagakerjaan, 16(2), 103–120.
Hess, M., Naegele, L., & Mäcken, J. (2021). Attitudes towards working in retirement: a latent class analysis of older workers’ motives. European Journal of Ageing, 18(3), 357–368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-020-00584-5
Hunt, K., & Gruszczynski, M. (2021). The influence of new and traditional media coverage on public attention to social movements: the case of the Dakota Access Pipeline protests. Information Communication and Society, 24(7), 1024–1040. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2019.1670228
Indrawati, N. K., Widjaja, S. U. M., Wahjoedi, & Haryono, A. (2020). Financial Management Model for Formal Workers in Indonesia. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(2), 337–344. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8238
Jost, J. T., Barberá, P., Bonneau, R., Langer, M., Metzger, M., Nagler, J., … Tucker, J. A. (2018). How Social Media Facilitates Political Protest: Information, Motivation, and Social Networks. Political Psychology, 39(3), 85–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12478
Larson, J. M., Nagler, J., Ronen, J., & Tucker, J. A. (2019). Social Networks and Protest Participation: Evidence from 130 Million Twitter Users. American Journal of Political Science, 63(3), 690–705. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12436
Lim, M. (2018). Roots, Routes, and Routers: Communications and Media of Contemporary Social Movements. Journalism and Communication Monographs, 20(2), 92–136. https://doi.org/10.1177/1522637918770419
Mameli, M., Paolanti, M., Morbidoni, C., Frontoni, E., & Teti, A. (2022). Social media analytics system for action inspection on social networks. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-021-00853-w
Medaiskis, T., & Eirošius, Š. (2019). A Comparison of Lithuanian and Swedish Old Age Pension Systems. Ekonomika, 98(1), 38–59. https://doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2019.1.3
Minoldo, S., & Peláez, E. (2021). What Should Guarantee Pensions Systems Designed with a Human Rights Approach? Handbook of Active Ageing and Quality of Life, 201–216. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58031-5_12
Nofrima, S., Nurmandi, A., Kusuma Dewi, D., & Salahudin, S. (2020). Cyber-activism on the dissemination of #Gejayanmemanggil: Yogyakarta’s student movement. Jurnal Studi Komunikasi (Indonesian Journal of Communications Studies), 4(1), 103. https://doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v4i1.2091
Pratama, I., Nurmandi, A., Muallidin, I., Kurniawan, D., & Salahudin. (2022). Social Media as a Tool for Social Protest Movement Related to Alcohol Investments in Indonesia. In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems (Vol. 319). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85540-6_18
Primadhyta, S. (2022). Tolak Aturan Baru JHT, Ribuan Buruh Jatim Bakal Demo. Retrieved from CNN Indonesia website: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20220214135716-92-758948/tolak-aturan-baru-jht-ribuan-buruh-jatim-bakal-demo
Radi, A. (2017). Protest movements and social media: Morocco’s february 20 movement. Africa Development, 42(2), 31–55.
Sinpeng, A. (2021). Hashtag activism: social media and the #FreeYouth protests in Thailand. Critical Asian Studies, 53(2), 192–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2021.1882866
Sutan, A. J., Nurmandi, A., Mutiarin, D., & Salahudin, S. (2021). Using Social Media as Tools of Social Movement and Social Protest in Omnibus Law of Job Creation Bill Policy-Making Process in Indonesia. In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing (Vol. 1352). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71782-7_24
Tao, L. (2017). Pension reform in Germany since the 1990s: new developments and theoretical implications. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 10(1), 57–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2016.1258522
Valkonen, T. (2020). The Finnish Pension System and Its Future Challenges. Intereconomics, 55(2), 92–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10272-020-0877-1
Wang, R., & Zhou, A. (2021). Hashtag activism and connective action: A case study of #HongKongPoliceBrutality. Telematics and Informatics, 61(October 2020), 101600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2021.101600
Wijayanti, P., & Jannah, L. M. (2019a). Implementasi Kebijakan Manfaat Jaminan Hari Tua di Indonesia. JPSI (Journal of Public Sector Innovations), 4(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.26740/jpsi.v4n1.p20-29
Wijayanti, P., & Jannah, L. M. (2019b). Implementation of Old Age Insurance Policy in Indonesia. Jurnal Bina Praja, (November), 185–195. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.11.2019.185-195
Workneh, T. W. (2021). Social media, protest, & outrage communication in Ethiopia: toward fractured publics or pluralistic polity? Information Communication and Society, 24(3), 309–328. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2020.1811367
Zhao, Y., Bai, M., Feng, P., & Zhu, M. (2018). Stochastic Assessments of Urban Employees ’ Pension Plan of China. 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10041028
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Al Fauzi Rahmat, M. Rafi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Bagi artikel yang dimuat di Jurnal Communicare, berlaku aturan Hak Cipta sebagai berikut:
- Jurnal Communicare adalah pemegang hak untuk mempublikasikan artikel untuk pertama kalinya.
- Penulis tetap memegang hak cipta atas karya tulis yang terbit di Jurnal Communicare, dan dapat menggunakan karyanya dengan bebas, selama tidak melanggar peraturan.
- Karya yang dimuat di Jurnal Communicare berada dibawah lisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License